Introduction: Storage and demand shifting are regularly identified as a means of delivering the low carbon energy future of electricity by aligning availability of renewable resource (wind power) with demand. There are numerous potential storage technologies ranging from pumped storage, to batteries and thermal storage. Likewise, the concept of demand shifting is well understood, however the value to the industry and end consumer is not well understood. These are important questions to answer as the future balancing services for system operations are developed.

Objectives: The project will deliver mathematical models for uncertainty in energy networks and the management of this uncertainty through demand shifting and storage. It is hoped that it will help identify the value of storage technologies and thus understand the nature of the role they may be able to play in the future operation of the networks.