Introduction: The overall aim of this project is to identify potential alternatives and opportunities for new planning methodologies that evaluate both technical and economic aspects in a more integrated manner and introduce flexibility and risk awareness in dealing with large-scale planning uncertainty.

Objectives: The project will undertake the following objectives:

• Review/identify issues with the current deterministic planning processes and standards
• Review the state-of-the-art methodologies for energy system planning under uncertainty
• Review/identify issues with the current (i.e., one snapshot-based) technical modelling used in planning
• Outline a general decision-making framework for planning under uncertainty, e.g., to inform/extend the current NOA process
• Define the key and most desirable elements and methodological options for such a framework, for example based on stochastic optimization, decision theory techniques, and risk analysis.